Lipoma pericárdico: tumor benigno como causa de taponamiento cardíaco a baja presión / Pericardial lipoma: benign tumor as a cause of low-pressure cardiac tamponade / Lipoma pericárdico: tumor benigno como causa de tamponamento cardíaco de baixa pressão

Resumen: Los tumores cardíacos son poco frecuentes y los lipomas constituyen una pequeña parte de ellos. La mayoría de estos tumores difieren en manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, morfología y tamaño, por lo que son difíciles de evaluar. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 80 años con disnea progresiva e insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada que desarrolló derrame pericárdico y posteriormente taponamiento cardíaco. A través del ecocardiograma transtorácico y de la tomografía computarizada, se determinó que un lipoma cardíaco era la causa del taponamiento cardíaco a baja presión que presentaba la paciente.

Summary: Cardiac tumors are rare and cardiac lipomas represent a small fraction of them. Most of these tumors differ in clinical manifestations, diagnosis, morphology and size, making them difficult to diagnose. We report the case of an 80 years old female patient, with progressive dyspnea and decompensated heart failure, who developed pericardial effusion and subsequent cardiac tamponade. After transthoracic echocardiography and thoracic computed tomography, pericardial lipoma was evidenced as the cause of low pressure cardiac tamponade.

Resumo: Os tumores cardíacos são raros e os lipomas cardíacos entram em uma pequena fração dentre esses. Grande parte desses tumores diferem em manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, morfologia e tamanho, tornando-se de diagnóstico difícil. Relata- se o caso de uma paciente feminina de 80 anos, com evolução progressiva de dispneia e insuficiência cardíaca descompensada evoluiu com derrame pericárdico e subsequente tamponamento cardíaco. Após exames de ecocardiografia transtoracica e tomografia computadorizada de toráx, evidenciou-se o lipoma pericárdico como causa de tamponamento cardíaco de baixa pressão.

Basic ultrasound training assessment in the initial abdominal trauma screening.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the efficiency and usefulness of basic ultrasound training in trauma (FAST - Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) for emergency physicians in the primary evaluation of abdominal trauma. METHODS: a longitudinal and observational study was carried out from 2015 to 2017, with 11 emergency physicians from Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, submitted to ultrasound training in emergency and trauma (USET® - SBAIT). FAST results started to be collected two months after the course. These were compared with a composite score of complementary exams and surgical findings. Information was stored in a Microsoft Excel program database and submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: FAST was performed in 120 patients. In the study, 38.4% of the assessed patients had a shock index ≥0.9. The composite score detected 40 patients with free peritoneal fluid, whereas FAST detected 27 cases. The method sensitivity was 67.5%, specificity was 98.7%, the positive predictive value was 96.4%, the negative predictive value was 85.39% and accuracy was 88%. All those with a positive FAST had a shock index ≥0.9. Fifteen patients with positive FAST and signs of instability were immediately submitted to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: the basic training of emergency physicians in FAST showed efficiency and usefulness in abdominal trauma assessment. Due to its low cost and easy implementation, this modality should be considered as a screening strategy for patients with abdominal trauma in health systems.

Basic ultrasound training assessment in the initial abdominal trauma screening / Avaliação de treinamento básico em ultrassom na triagem inicial do trauma abdominal

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the efficiency and usefulness of basic ultrasound training in trauma (FAST - Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) for emergency physicians in the primary evaluation of abdominal trauma. Methods: a longitudinal and observational study was carried out from 2015 to 2017, with 11 emergency physicians from Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, submitted to ultrasound training in emergency and trauma (USET® - SBAIT). FAST results started to be collected two months after the course. These were compared with a composite score of complementary exams and surgical findings. Information was stored in a Microsoft Excel program database and submitted to statistical analysis. Results: FAST was performed in 120 patients. In the study, 38.4% of the assessed patients had a shock index ≥0.9. The composite score detected 40 patients with free peritoneal fluid, whereas FAST detected 27 cases. The method sensitivity was 67.5%, specificity was 98.7%, the positive predictive value was 96.4%, the negative predictive value was 85.39% and accuracy was 88%. All those with a positive FAST had a shock index ≥0.9. Fifteen patients with positive FAST and signs of instability were immediately submitted to surgery. Conclusions: the basic training of emergency physicians in FAST showed efficiency and usefulness in abdominal trauma assessment. Due to its low cost and easy implementation, this modality should be considered as a screening strategy for patients with abdominal trauma in health systems.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a eficiência e a utilidade do treinamento básico em ultrassom no trauma (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma - FAST) para emergencistas, na avaliação primária do trauma abdominal. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, observacional, realizado durante o período de 2015 a 2017, com 11 emergencistas do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, submetidos ao treinamento em ultrassom na emergência e trauma (USET® - SBAIT). Resultados dos FAST começaram ser coletados dois meses após o curso. Estes foram comparados com escore composto de exames complementares e achados cirúrgicos. Informações foram armazenadas em banco de dados do programa Microsoft Excel® e submetidas à análise estatística. Resultados: foram realizados FAST em 120 pacientes. No estudo, 38,4% dos pacientes avaliados apresentavam índice de choque ≥0,9. O escore composto detectou 40 pacientes com líquido livre peritoneal. FAST detectou 27 casos de líquido livre peritoneal. A sensibilidade do método foi de 67,5%, a especificidade de 98,7%, o valor preditivo positivo de 96,4%, o valor preditivo negativo de 85,39% e a acurácia foi de 88%. Todos que tiveram FAST positivo apresentavam índice de choque ≥0,9. Quinze pacientes com FAST positivo e sinais de instabilidade foram conduzidos imediatamente para cirurgia. Conclusões: o treinamento básico de emergencistas em FAST demonstrou eficiência e utilidade na avaliação do trauma abdominal. Por seu baixo custo e facilidade de implantação, esta modalidade deve ser considerada como estratégia de triagem de pacientes com trauma abdominal nos sistemas de saúde.